Ruthenium

Catalogue

Atomic structure

Discovery

Source

Element USES

physical property

Chemical property

Geological data

Biology data

Atomic structure

Atomic radius/A: 1.89
Atomic volume/cm3 / mol: 8.3

Electronic configuration: 1 2 3 4 s2p6 s2 s2p6d10 s2p6d7 5 s1
Ion radius/A: 0.68

Covalent radius/A: 1.25 oxidation state: 2,3,4,6,8

Discovery

1808 by J.A. Sniadecki (Vilno university, Poland) found.

Source

Exist in nickel pyrite (pentlandite) and pyroxinite ore.

Element USES

Can make the platinum and palladium is hard. Also used in eye treatment, manufacturing GangBiJian, electric switch contact, including 10% of ruthenium platinum alloys is used to make airplane on magnetic generators.

physical property

State: hard, brittle silver rare metal.

Melting point (℃) : 2250
Boiling point (℃) : 3900
Density (g/cc, 300 K) : 12.37


Than hot/J/gK: 595
Evaporation heat/KJ/mol: 595
Melting hot/KJ/mol: 24


Conductive rate / 106 / cm: 0.137

Geological data

abundance
Retention time/year:

The sun (relative to the H = 1 x 1012) : 67.6 sea/P.P.M. : unknown, but very little.
The earth's crust/P.P.M. : c 0.001 the Atlantic ocean surface: Pacific surface:
Atmospheric/P.P.M. (volume) : the Atlantic ocean depths: deep in the Pacific:

Biology data

Content in the human body
Liver/P.P.M. :
Organs: unknown, but very little. Muscle/P.P.M. :
Blood/mg dm-3: th intake/mg: unknown
Bone/P.P.M. : people (70 Kg) are total body/mg: unknown

Detailed information

Ruthenium/Ru