Germanium

Catalogue

Atomic structure

Discovery

Source

Element USES

physical property

Chemical property

Geological data

Biology data

Atomic structure

Atomic radius/A: 1.52 atomic volume/cm3 / mol: 13.6 covalent radius/A: 1.22

Electronic configuration: 1 2 3 4 s2p6 s2 s2p6d10 s2p2 ion radius/A: 0.53 oxidation state: 4

Discovery

In 1886, the C.A. Winkler (Germany, Freiberg) found.

Source

From a refined, zinc, lead gain.

Element USES

Used in semiconductor, infrared prism, mirror and wide Angle lens, etc.

physical property

State: hard brittle gray metal. Melting point (℃) : 937.4 the boiling point (℃) : 2830 density (g/cc, 300 K) : 5.323

Than hot/J/gK: 0.32 evaporation heat/KJ/mol: 330.9 melting hot/KJ/mol: 36.94

Conductive rate / 106 / cm: 1.45 E-8 coefficient of thermal conductivity/W/cmK: 0.599

Geological data

Abundance retention time/year: 20 000

The sun (relative to the H = 1 x 1012) : 3160 P.P.M/in sea water.

The earth's crust/P.P.M. : 1.8 the Atlantic ocean surface: 0.07 x 10-6 Pacific surface: 0.35 x 10-6

Atmospheric/P.P.M. (volume) : the Atlantic ocean depths: 0.14 x 10-6 deep in the Pacific: 7.00 x 10-6

Biology data

The human body the content in liver/P.P.M. : 0.15

Organs: muscle/P.P.M. : 0.14

Blood/mg dm-3 c 0.44 days intake/mg: 0.4-1.5

Bone/P.P.M. : people (70 Kg) are total body/mg: 5

Detailed information

Germanium/Ge